Russia's FSB Targets CI Centre Professor Oleg Kalugin

 

 

CI Centre Professor Oleg Kalugin's Biography

 

 

 

March 26, 2002 05:16 PM ET

Former KGB Agent Living in U.S. Summoned to Moscow

By Tabassum Zakaria

WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Oleg Kalugin, a former KGB general living in the United States, said on Tuesday he would not comply with a summons ordering him to Moscow for an interrogation by the Russian domestic intelligence service.

An officer of the Russian consulate in Washington on Monday served Kalugin the summons from the FSB domestic intelligence service, which did not provide any reason for it, he said.

"I have an official summons from Moscow which was delivered by the consular official of the Russian Embassy which says that I am required to come to Moscow on March 28 for interrogation as a defendant, but no reason given," Kalugin told Reuters in a telephone interview.

"And the notification says that if I do not show up at the designated time I may be forced to come," he said.

Kalugin is a permanent resident "green card" holder of the United States, but still a Russian citizen.

"I will apply for U.S. protection, if necessary, but for the time being I see no reason because it's not a court action, it's an action of the domestic service which has no right to intervene," Kalugin said.

He said the "ostensible" reason for the summons may be his testimony in the spy case of retired U.S. Army Reserve Col. George Trofimoff, but that the real reason was "revenge."

Trofimoff, the highest-ranking American military officer convicted of spying, was sentenced to life in prison last September for selling military secrets to the Soviet Union during the Cold War.

Kalugin said he was not the one who uncovered Trofimoff as a Soviet spy to U.S. and British intelligence services.

"When I was subpoenaed to come to Tampa to testify, the whole matter was already finished, I simply was used as a last witness," Kalugin said.

"I simply confirmed what had been known already for years. I confirmed that I was his supervisor," Kalugin said, referring to his previous KGB relationship to Trofimoff.

The real reason for the summons, Kalugin said, was revenge by former KGB officers trying to undermine him for his vocal criticism of the former intelligence service.

Russian President Vladimir Putin, himself a former KGB agent, shortly after his election publicly called Kalugin a traitor and Kalugin responded by calling Putin a war criminal, Kalugin said.

"After that exchange ... it's simply unwise to go to Moscow under any circumstances," Kalugin said with a dark laugh.

However, he said he was concerned for the welfare of his daughter and grandson who still live in Moscow.

"It shows an increasing influence of the old KGB guard on Mr. Putin and his security services," Kalugin said.

"It's an act of revenge and nothing else."

26.03.2002 20:37:01
Former KGB general subpoenaed to Russia

MOSCOW. March 26 (Interfax) - Former KGB General Oleg Kalugin, who lives in the United States, has been subpoenaed to Moscow for questioning, a Federal Security Service (FSB) official told Interfax Tuesday evening. He did not elaborate.

Unofficial sources have told Interfax that a case of high treason has been opened against Kalugin.

Russian consulate officials in Washington served him a subpoena on Monday, NTV reported on Tuesday. He is to report to the FSB's Moscow office at 10:00 a.m. on March 28 for questioning as an accused party.

Kalugin, born in 1934, a career KGB officer, started publishing in 1990 revelations about the activities of Soviet special services. A case of revealing state secrets was opened against him but closed after the events of August 1991. Now he resides in the United States and does political and PR consulting.

Federal Security Service sends subpoena to ex-KGB Gen Kalugin

Story Filed: Tuesday, March 26, 2002 12:13 PM EST

NEW YORK, Mar 26, 2002 (Itar-Tass via COMTEX) -- Representatives of the Russian Consulate in Washington have presented a subpoena to former KGB Gen. Oleg Kalugin. The ex-general is "due to arrive in the Russian Federal Security Service's Investigation Department in Moscow at 10 a.m. on March 28, 2002," the subpoena says.

Kalugin, who currently resides in the United States "is due to arrive for questioning as an accused," it notes. If he fails to appear without good reason, he may be brought to the department, sources in Novoye Russkoye Slovo newspaper have told Itar-Tass.

Head of the consular department of the Russian embassy in Washington Sergei Ovsyannikov confirmed the report to Itar- Tass. He said that representatives of the Russian Consulate in Washington got in touch with Kalugin last week, and he agreed to meet them at a place he chose. The meeting took place in an office building in Maryland, not far from the American capital, on Monday. After Kalugin had received the subpoena, he said nothing about his plans but voiced the intention to immediately inform the press.

Kalugin has not responded to the Itar-Tass inquiry about his further actions despite the message left on his answering machine.

Foreign intelligence calls Kalugin's behavior indecent

By Maria Pshenichnikova, ITAR-TASS

Story Filed: Wednesday, March 27, 2002 8:22 AM EST

MOSCOW, Mar 27, 2002 (Itar-Tass via COMTEX) -- Actions that the former KGB general Oleg Kalugin took against Russia over the past ten years "prove that he chose the path of indecency," chief of press bureau at the Russian Foreign Intelligence Service, Boris Labusov, said Wednesday as he was asked to comment on Kalugin's refusal to come to Moscow for interrogation.

Labusov said, at the same time, that to call Kalugin a traitor was the exclusive power of the court.

On Tuesday, officials of the Russian Consulate General in Washington handed a writ to Kalugin summoning him to the FSB department of investigations at 10.00 Moscow time March 28, 2002. The man is accused of high treason on the basis of confessions, made by the former U.S. Army officer George Trofimoff, who was arrested and sentenced to a life term in the U.S. on charges of espionage for Russia.

"We have doubts that Kalugin kept silent about his past activities while he was applying for a green card in the U.S. The procedure of obtaining the green cards requires an applicant to prove that he does not pose danger to a country where he or she would like to live," Labusov said.

He also recalled that Kalugin had revealed in a book about his KGB career he had been involved in operations against the U.S.

Kalugin's actions lack consistency, Labusov noted. "If a former KGB officer starts castigating the agency he worked for, then it would only be natural for him the renounce the pension the very same KGB is still paying to him. Kalugin says he is not guilty. OK. Let him come here and prove it. Let him not pass himself off as a victim of political repressions," he said.

A veteran KGB officer and well-known journalist Yuri Kobaladze called Kalugin's behavior "a sheer instance of betrayal". The law qualifies as a perpetrator of crime anyone who releases information about the people linked with the security service, Kobaladze said. What Kalugin tells about repressions against him is a bluff, he stressed.

The fact that Kalugin, a man who inflicted inordinate losses on the Russian foreign intelligence, was openly told he was a traitor deserves notice, Kobaladze said. "It is hard to forecast future developments, but I do not think he will ever come to Moscow voluntarily or will ever be extradited, for that matter," the FSB veteran noted.

Kalugin obliged to report for questioning-Russia source

Story Filed: Wednesday, March 27, 2002 8:20 AM EST

MOSCOW, Mar 27, 2002 (Itar-Tass via COMTEX) -- Russian law enforcement agencies have confirmed that the former general of the Soviet state security committee, the KGB, Oleg Kalugin is charged with high treason, adding that the Kalugin case is being investigated in strict compliance with the Russian code of practice.

"A criminal was launched against Kalugin under article 257 of the Russian Criminal Code (high treason). Kalugin is a Russian citizen and he is obliged to report for questioning at the expected destination on the expected date," a spokesman for a Russian secret service said Wednesday.

Kalugin, who currently lives in a suburb of Washington, received a message demanding he should report to the Investigations Department of the Russian federal security service FSB at 10 a.m. on March 28, 2002 for questioning in the capacity of accused. Russian consular officials delivered the message to Kalugin.

Kalugin was warned that in case of his failure to report for questioning, the investigation will begin in his absence, investigators told Tass.

If there is sufficient evidence, the Prosecutor General's office may issue an arrest warrant and draft a request to the American authorities for Kalugin's extradition.

Moscow believes, though, that "the former general must have received certain guarantees overseas and the chances of his extradition are close to nothing."

Kalugin said earlier on Monday that he would not travel to Russia under any circumstance.

The criminal case against Kalugin was opened about a year ago.

Publications by the former KGB general in the United States came within the range of the Russian military prosecutors' attention in the second half of the 90s.

According to the then Chief Military Prosecutor Valentin Panichev the prosecutor's office plans to study the materials contained in Kalugin's book The First Directorate to see whether they contain any information about persons who provided confidential assistance to Russia's external intelligence. Under the law such information constitutes a state secret.

Analysts in Moscow and Washington believe that Kalugin's book helped expose the U.S. National Security Agency member Steven Lipke, who allegedly handed over secret materials to the Soviet intelligence in exchange for 27,000 dollars. Lipke was sentenced to eighteen years in jail.

Kalugin last year appeared in the capacity of witness in a court in Tampa, Florida, at the trial of retired U.S. Army Colonel George Trofimoff, who was accused of spying for Moscow. Kalugin described Trofimoff as a "valuable KGB agent". He identified Trofimoff on old group photos and pointed to the retired colonel in the courtroom.

Trofimoff was sentenced to life imprisonment for spying for the USSR and Russia. He pleaded not guilty.

Former KGB General may be accused of divulgence of State secrets

Story Filed: Wednesday, March 27, 2002 3:39 AM EST

Washington , Russia, Mar 27, 2002 (RosBusinessConsulting via COMTEX) -- Former KGB General Oleg Kalugin, who has recently been called for interrogation by the Federal Security Service (FSB), is not going to come to Russia. In an interview on the NTV channel he said he was not going to do that "neither today nor tomorrow". The General was surprised at the position of Russian President Putin. "The President called me a traitor without any investigation and trial", Kalugin pointed out. He was quoted as saying that Putin's statement showed that Russia was not a law-governed state. At the same time according to some sources Russian law enforcement agencies have initiated a criminal case against former "chekist" (a KGB officer), who is living in Washington DC at present. Russian investigators are going to accuse him of treason against the State. Kalugin himself regards the FSB actions as an act of revenge. According to the subpoena that Russian Consulate officers gave him in Washington he was to come to be interrogated as an accused person at the Investigation Department of the FSB in Moscow on March 28, 2002. KGB General Oleg Kalugin has been living in the USA for several years but he is still a citizen of Russia. About a year ago information in the mass media appeared that he could be tried for a divulgence of State secrets. Earlier Kalugin, commenting the mass renvoi of Russian diplomats from the USA, said that two Russian diplomats, Sergey Tretyakov and Yevgeny Toropov, "took the side of the rivals" and disclosed some details of activity of the Russian intelligence service in the USA and Canada. If it is true that these diplomats were the Russian intelligence officers, Kalugin can be accused of divulgence of State secrets.

Former KGB agent summoned to Moscow

MOSCOW - (AP) A former senior KGB spy who testified in the high-profile trial of convicted U.S. spy George Trofimoff has been summoned back to Russia from his U.S. home for questioning by Russian security officials, Russian news media reported Tuesday.

Retired Maj. Gen. Oleg Kalugin, who headed the KGB's foreign counterintelligence department from 1973 to 1980, was handed the subpoena last week from KGB's successor agency, the Federal Security Service or FSB, during a meeting with Russian Embassy officials in Maryland, ITAR-Tass news agency quoted embassy official Sergei Ovsyannikov as saying.

Kalugin was ordered to report to the FSB's Moscow office at 10 a.m. on Thursday for "questioning as an accused," Ovsyannikov was quoted as telling ITAR-Tass. No one could be reached at the FSB headquarters late Tuesday to comment on the report.

Kalugin's former lawyer, Boris Kuznetsov, told NTV television that he believed Kalugin was being summoned back to Russia to face charges of treason in connection with his testimony in Trofimoff's trial.

Trofimoff, a retired U.S. Army Reserve colonel convicted in September of spying for the Soviets, was the highest-ranking U.S. military man ever charged with spying. He was sentenced to life in prison for taking secret intelligence documents out of a U.S. military center in Germany, photographing them and selling the film to the KGB for dlrs 250,000 over more than 20 years. Trofimoff has protested his innocence.

Kalugin was one of many former KGB agents, spies and intelligence officers who testified in Trofimoff's monthlong trial.

Kalugin, whose father worked in Josef Stalin's secret police, was an intelligence official in Washington and later led worldwide foreign counterintelligence for Moscow.

In 1990, with the Soviet Union on the brink of collapse, Kalugin renounced the KGB and signed on with future Russian President Boris Yeltsin and wrote a book on his exploits.

Then he came to the United States to do business. He has been engaged in consulting work, created a high-tech, interactive spy game with the late William Colby, former head of the CIA, and even given espionage tours around Washington with a former American spy.

He has clashed openly with former KGB colleagues, some of whom are openly nostalgic for the power the agency held under the days of the Soviet Union.

Бывший генерал КГБ Олег Калугин может быть привлечен к уголовной ответственности

27 марта, 18:20

Бывший генерал КГБ СССР Олег Калугин, уже несколько лет как обосновавшийся в Америке, но сохранивший гражданство России, может быть привлечен, как стало известно РИА "Новости", к уголовной ответственности за разглашение "гостайны".

Очень интересна формулировка для открытия такого дела, поступившая из военной прокуратуры. Как известно, комментируя массовую высылку российских дипломатов из США, отставной генерал Калугин в интервью НТВ заявил, что в последние несколько месяцев, по крайней мере, два сотрудника российской разведки — это Третьяков в Соединенных Штатах и Торопов в Канаде - перешли на сторону противника и раскрыли, очевидно, масштабы операции российской разведки в Соединенных Штатах и Канаде".

И вот теперь оказывается, что уголовное дело в отношении Калугина может быть возбуждено по факту разглашения государственной тайны, если оставшийся в США сотрудник ООН Сергей Третьяков и пропавший в Канаде дипломат Евгений Торопов действительно являются сотрудниками российской разведки.

"Фамилии и установочные данные работников спецслужб отнесены законодательством РФ к сведениям, составляющим государственную тайну и не подлежащим разглашению, - пояснили РИА "Новости" в прокуратуре. - Исключение составляют официально представленные общественности сотрудники, например, руководители или офицеры пресс-служб". То есть Калугин, по мнению прокуратуры, нарушил государственную тайну, сказав о уже перебежавших в США и Канаду сотрудниках посольств, что они являлись сотрудниками российской разведки.

Между тем, российские, американские и канадские официальные инстанции пока не подтверждали сообщений СМИ о принадлежности обоих бывших дипломатов к разведке России. О Третьякове, пожелавшем прошлой осенью остаться в США по окончании срока своей командировки в ООН, много писали американские СМИ. Сообщалось и о связи его с разведкой. О Торопове сообщений было гораздо меньше.

Как удалось выяснить РИА "Новости" у дипломатических источников, в декабре прошлого года сотрудник российского посольства в Оттаве Евгений Торопов вместе с женой и сыном, который незадолго до этого приехал из России в Канаду на зимние каникулы, неожиданно исчез, даже не захватив принадлежащих семье вещей. МИД РФ, по имеющимся данным, обращался в МИД Канады с просьбой установить место пребывания Тороповых, но канадцы до сих пор не дали точного ответа российским коллегам.

Ветераны российских спецслужб полагают, что проживающий в США уже несколько лет бывший разведчик Калугин не случайно "привязывает" эти два разных случая к нынешнему шпионскому скандалу в США. По их мнению, "любящий представлять себя независимым экспертом в области разведки и внешней контрразведки, Калугин тем самым "вольно или невольно выполняет определенный заказ, сдавая своих коллег, если допустить, что Третьяков и Торопов являются сотрудниками спецслужб".

Неясно только, кому он сдал коллег, если они сами, по собственной воле, решили бежать из России в другие страны.

Калугин и Литвиненко получили приглашения от ФСБ: Калугин уже отказался

9:30

Калугин обвиняется в государственной измене

Бывший генерал КГБ Олег Калугин, которому вручена следственная повестка явиться на допрос в качестве обвиняемого, отказался ехать в Москву. Об этом он заявил в Нью-Йорке после окончания пресс-конференции, посвященной предстоящему летом этого года открытию в Вашингтоне Международного музея шпионажа.

Калугин обвиняется в государственной измене, а основанием для этого стали его показания по делу Джорджа Трофимоффа.

"Я в Москву бы не поехал в любом случае, - заявил Калугин. - Мне туда дорога давно заказана". Он подчеркнул, что после августа 1991 года он "полностью восстановлен и до сих пор получает пенсию КГБ в Москве".

Бывшие коллеги отнеслись к решению Калугина с пониманием

Бывшие коллеги генерала КГБ в отставке Олега Калугина - ветераны разведки - "с пониманием" восприняли отказ Калугина явиться на допрос к следователю ФСБ.

Об этом Пресс-центру.ру сообщил начальник пресс-бюро Службы Внешней Разведки России Борис Лабусов. По его словам, Олег Калугин неоднократно заявлял о том, что он никогда "не сдавал" никого из тех, кого американское правосудие обвиняет в работе на советскую, а позже и российскую разведку. Поэтому он считает себя абсолютно невиновным.

Ветераны разведки считают, что Калугин работал на американскую разведку

Между тем, как сообщил Борис Лабусов, ветераны внешней разведки, анализировавшие деятельность Калугина, считают, что он передавал американской стороне важные сведения, составляющие государственную тайну и нанес серьезный ущерб как внешней разведке, так и безопасности России. Имеются и иные свидетельства того, что Калугин прямо виноват в отдельных провалах. Так, доказано, что при арестах отдельных граждан США, обвинявшихся в работе на советскую разведку, ФБР использовало мемуары Калугина. В последнее время бывший генерал КГБ читает несколько спецкурсов в разведшколе в пригороде Вашингтона - в Александрии.

Раньше генпрокуратура вызывала Калугина в качестве свидетеля

Калугин не раз говорил, что в "материалах Митрохина, вывезенных из России в 1992 году в Лондон, находится чуть ли не целый том переписки Трофимоффа с советской разведкой". "В моей же книге он проходит одним абзацем: мол, работал на нас один из сотрудников военной разведки США, служивший в Германии", - отметил Калугин.

На судебный процесс над Трофимоффым Калугина пригласило министерство юстиции, прислав повестку. "Я вынужден был приехать и сказать, что этого человека я видел и знал. В этом и было мое участие. Я вложил, как говорят, последний камень в его гробницу. Он все равно получал срок, но, конечно, мои показания сыграли роль, но у меня другого выхода не было", - подчеркнул Калугин.

Калугин до сих пор является гражданином России

Говоря о возможных последствиях неявки в ФСБ, бывший генерал ответил: "Пусть обращаются в Госдепартамент, в ФБР, в Интерпол, пусть объявляют в розыск, я готов".

Следует отметить, что Калугин до сих пор является гражданином России, и как российский гражданин он обязан явиться на допрос к следователю.

Как уже сообщалось, российские консульские работники в понедельник вручили бывшему начальнику внешней контрразведки КГБ СССР Олегу Калугину, который проживает под Вашингтоном, повестку, предписывающую ему явиться к 10:00 28 марта в Следственное управление ФСБ России для допроса в качестве обвиняемого. По какому делу вызывается Калугин, в повестке не указано. Об этом РИА "Новости" сообщил заведующий консульским отделом посольства России в Вашингтоне Сергей Овсянников.

Договоренность о проведении встречи для вручения повестки была согласована с Калугиным по телефону еще на прошлой неделе. Она состоялась в понедельник на "нейтральной" территории в штате Мэриленд. По словам консула, Олег Калугин поставил свою подпись на повестке, тем самым подтвердив ее получение. В ходе встречи с российскими представителями Калугин указал, что "ожидал вызова", а также сообщил, что намерен немедленно оповестить об этом прессу.

ФСБ вызвало на допрос своего бывшего сотрудника Литвиненко

Аналогичную повестку из России с вызовом на допрос к следователю получил бывший сотрудник ФСБ России Александр Литвиненко, который попросил политического убежища в Великобритании. Об этом "Интерфаксу" в среду сообщили источники в правоохранительных органах.

На Литвиненко заведено несколько уголовных дел

По их данным, подполковник Литвиненко, в отношении которого Главной военной прокуратурой расследуется несколько уголовных дел, вызывается для допроса в качестве обвиняемого "в превышении должностных полномочий, должностном подлоге, а также в хищении и незаконном хранении боеприпасов".

По мнению специалистов, Литвиненко примет такое же решение как и Калугин, и откажется ехать в Москву на допрос.

Это уголовное дело было приостановлено в связи с выездом Литвиненко за границу в 2000 году.

Литвиненко заявлял, что руководство ФСБ поручало ему "убить Бориса Березовского"

Бывший сотрудник управления ФСБ по разработке и пресечению деятельности преступных объединений Литвиненко приобрел широкую известность после того, как публично заявил, что руководство управления поручило ему и нескольким сотрудникам "убить Бориса Березовского".

Главная военная прокуратура, расследовавшая в связи с этим уголовное дело, прекратила его в декабре 1999 года за отсутствием состава преступления.

Литвиненко обвинялся в применении насилия на допросах

Вместе с тем позже ГВП предъявила Литвиненко обвинение в превышении должностных полномочий с применением насилия при проведении следственных действий. Однако военный суд Московского гарнизона признал Литвиненко и другого сотрудника ФСБ Александра Гусака невиновными в совершении этого преступления.

Сразу после оглашения оправдательного приговора оба офицера ФСБ с санкции ГВП вновь были взяты под стражу прямо в зале суда по подозрению в совершении других преступлений. Позже суд по ходатайству адвокатов изменил Литвиненко и Гусаку меру пресечения на подписку о невыезде.

20 апреля 2000 года Главная военная прокуратура завершила предварительное расследование очередного уголовного дела в отношении Литвиненко. После этого в суд Ярославского гарнизона было передано еще одно уголовное дело. На этот раз военная прокуратура обвинила его не только в превышении должностных полномочий, но и в должностном подлоге, а также хищении и незаконном хранении боеприпасов.

Литвиненко попросил политического убежища у Великобритании

2 ноября 2000 года Литвиненко попросил политическое убежище у властей Великобритании. Офицер ФСБ прибыл вместе со своей женой и ребенком в Лондон из Турции, где в аэропорту Heathrow сделал заявление с просьбой о предоставлении убежища. По его словам, его вынудило к подобному шагу "непрекращающееся преследование со стороны спецслужб России". Литвиненко подчеркнул, что угрозы были направлены не только в его адрес, "но и в адрес его жены и ребенка".

15 мая 2001 года со ссылкой на письмо самого Литвиненко появились сообщения о том, что власти Великобритании предоставили ему политическое убежище. Вместе с тем официального подтверждения этой информации пока не поступало.

10:20 27.03.02

"Олег Калугин испугался правосудия". Эксклюзивное интервью с начальником пресс-бюро СВР Б.Лабусовым

 Бывшие коллеги генерала КГБ в отставке Олега Калугина - ветераны разведки - "с пониманием" восприняли отказ Калугина явиться на допрос к следователю ФСБ.

Об этом ПРЕСС-ЦЕНТРУ.РУ сообщил в эксклюзивном интервью начальник пресс-бюро Службы Внешней Разведки России Борис Лабусов.
     По его словам, Олег Калугин неоднократно заявлял о том, что он никогда "не сдавал" никого из тех, кого американское правосудие обвиняет в работе на советскую-российскую разведку. Следовательно, он считает себя абсолютно невиновным.
    
     Кроме того, Олег Калугин всегда обвиняет бывший КГБ в том, что это - фашистская организация, в том же он обвиняет ФСБ. Однако, не отказывается ни от госнаград, полученных за работу в КГБ, ни от генеральской пенсии.
    
     Как сообщил Борис Лабусов, ветераны внешней разведки, анализирововавшие длеятельность Калугина, считают, что он действительно передавал американской стороне важные свеждения, состоавляющие государственную тайну и нанес серьезный ущерб как внешней разведке, так и безопасности России.
    
     Любой человек, получающий вид на жительство в США, должен доказывать свою лояльность по отношению к США, рассказывать всю свою биографию очень подробно, обязан доказать, что его деятельность не нанесет ущерба национальной безопасности. Трудно представить себе, чтобы американские иммиграционные и спецслужбы ограничились краткой биографией разведчика такого ранга, каким является Калугин. Он просто обязан был доказать свою лояльность. Сейчас он заслужил доверие спецслужб настолько, что читает несколько спекурсов в разведшколе в пригороде Вашингтона - в Александрии.
    
     Имеются и иные свидетельства того, что Калугин прямо виноват в отдельных провалах. Так, доказано, что при арестах отдельных граждан США, обвинявшихся в работе на советскую разведку, ФБР использовало мемуары Калугина.
    
     Как российский гражданин Олег Калугин обязан явиться на допрос к следователю.

Биография бывшего генерала КГБ СССР Олега Калугина

26 марта, 19:28

Олег Данилович Калугин родился 6 сентября 1934 года в Ленинграде.

В 1958 году окончил филологический факультет Ленинградского государственного университета.

С 1958 года работал в Комитете государственной безопасности СССР.

В 1959 году стажировался в Колумбийском университете по первой программе студенческого обмена между СССР и США.

В 1959 году стал корреспондентом советского радио в Нью-Йорке.

1965 - 1970 года - второй, затем первый секретарь посольства СССР в США, Вашингтон.

1973 - 1980 года - начальник управления внешней контрразведки.

1980 - 1987 года - первый заместитель начальника управления КГБ по Ленинграду и Ленинградской области.

В 1989 году Калугину было предложено уйти в отставку из органов госбезопасности.

1990 - 1992 года - народный депутат СССР.

Имеет ряд правительственных и ведомственных наград.

В июне 1990 года указом президента СССР (по представлению КГБ) за действия, порочащие честь и достоинство сотрудника органов госбезопасности был лишен государственных наград.

Калугин лишен воинского звания генерал-майора запаса, знака "Почетный сотрудник госбезопасности" и других ведомственных наград. В августе-сентябре 1991 года президент СССР отменил (по представлению КГБ) акты, которые лишили его государственных наград и воинского звания. Также прокуратура СССР по "реабилитирующим основаниям" прекратила уголовное дело в отношении бывшего сотрудника КГБ Олега Калугина, который обвинялся в разглашении государственной тайны.

В конце 1995 года уехал в США на работу по контракту с коммуникационной компанией "Интеркон". Живет в пригороде Вашингтона.

Автор нескольких изданных на Западе книг, в том числе "Вид с Лубянки", "Сжигая мосты", "Мои 32 года разведки и шпионажа против Запада".

Женат, имеет двух дочерей.

Translated:

Oleg Danilovich Kalugin was born on 6 September, 1934, in Leningrad.

In 1958 the philological department of Leningrad state university finished.

Since 1958 it worked in the committee of the State security OF THE USSR.

In 1959 it worked on probation itself at Columbia University for the first program of the student exchange between THE USSR and USA.

In 1959 he became the correspondent of Soviet radio in New York.

1965 - 1970 - second, then first secretary of the embassy OF THE USSR in THE USA, Washington.

1973 - 1980 - chief for the administration for external counter espionage.

1980 - 1987 - first assistant of the chief for administration THE KGB for Leningrad and Leningrad region.

In 1989 To kaluginu it was proposed to leave into the dismissal from the organs/controls of state security.

1990 - 1992 - people deputy OF THE USSR.

Has a number of government and departmental rewards.

During June 1990 by the edict of the President THE USSR (according to the idea THE KGB) for the actions, which defame honor and merit of the colleague of the organs/controls of state security was deprived of state rewards.

Kalugin is deprived of the service rank of the Major General of reserve, sign " honorable colleague of state security " and of other departmental rewards. In August- September of 1991 the President OF THE USSR abolished the reports/events, which deprived of his state rewards and of service rank (according to the idea THE KGB). Also the procuratorship OF THE USSR for the " rehabilitating bases " ended criminal case in the attitude of the former colleague OF THE KGB Oleg Kalugin, who was charged with the divulging of state mystery.

At the end of 1995 it left in THE USA to the work on the contract with the communication/supply line company " interkon ". It lives in the suburb of Washington.

Author of several published in the West books, including " form from Lubyanka ", " burning bridges ", " my 32 years of reconnaissance and espionage against the West ".

It is married, it has two daughters.

FSB WANTS TO TRY EX-SPY FOR TREASON

The Federal Security Service (FSB) wants to put a former Soviet spy chief now living in New York on trial for treason, AFP reported on 26 March. The FSB has asked Oleg Kalugin, a former head of the KGB's Foreign Intelligence Division who emigrated to the United States in 1995, to return to Moscow by 28 March. "I find it amazing that the FSB feels it can act in the United States as though it were at home," Kalugin said, adding that he has no intention of complying with the request. "I would not return to Moscow under any circumstances," he said. Since moving to the U.S., Kalugin has published a series of books critical of the KGB, and was a witness at the trial of a U.S. officer accused of spying for Russia. BW

...AS EX-KGB OFFICER SAYS TREASON CHARGES ARE REVENGE

Kalugin also said the Russian security services are trying to take revenge on him for testifying at the trial of U.S. Army Reserve Colonel George Trofimoff, Reuters reported on 27 March. Trofimoff, the highest-ranking American military officer convicted of spying, was sentenced to life in prison last September for selling military secrets to the Soviet Union during the Cold War. "I simply confirmed what had been known already for years. I confirmed that I was his supervisor," Kalugin said, referring to his Soviet-era relationship to Trofimoff. Shortly after his election, President Putin publicly called Kalugin a traitor. In response, Kalugin called Putin a war criminal. "After that exchange...it's simply unwise to go to Moscow under any circumstances," Kalugin said. BW

Ex-KGB General Sees Putin’s Revenge Behind Treason Charges

Текст: Gazeta.Ru, Combined Report  


Former KGB General Oleg Kalugin has no intention to go to Moscow whereto he was summoned for questioning as a defendant by Russian Federal Security Service. Addressing the press in New York on Tuesday the general said that he had received the FSB summons from the Russian consulate in Washington and that he would apply for U.S. protection if necessary – for he sees the fresh charges against him as a revenge move from Putin’s security services.

On Tuesday Oleg Kalugin attended an opening ceremony of the International Spy Museum in New York. At a news conference dedicated to the event the former KGB general told the press that he had been served a summons ordering him to appear for interrogation in Moscow on March 28. The general displayed the summons and said that he had no intention to go whatsoever .

After many years of brilliant service in the Soviet Union’s powerful state security service, the KGB, Oleg Kalugin was forced into retirement in 1990, whereupon he left Russia for good. For more than a decade now Kalugin has been living in the United States, yet, he still remains a Russian citizen. Kalugin is known for his sharp criticism of Russian secret services. In an interview granted to the US CNN in 1998 the former spy charged that if to compare Stalin to Hitler and the Gestapo to KGB, the KGB was far more ruthless.

On Tuesday Kalugin suggested that the most “ostensible” reason for the summons to appear for FSB questioning may be his testimony in the spy case of the retired US Army Reserve Colonel George Trofimoff. But, Kalugin is convinced, the real reason is “revenge”. The FSB, the successor of the once-powerful Soviet secret service, is now trying to undermine him for his vocal criticism of the KGB, holds Kalugin.

Last year Oleg Kalugin witnessed in the trial of George Trofimoff, accused by the US authorities of espionage in favour of the Soviet Union. In court the former Russian general confirmed he had known Trofimoff for several years during which Trofimoff spied for Russia.

“I had to go and say that I had seen the man and that I knew him,” Kalugin admitted in an interview to ITAR-TASS on Tuesday. “This is all I did at the trial. I was the one to put the last stone in his tomb, as they say. He would go to prison anyway, the whole matter was already finished, I simply was used as the last witness.”

In court Kalugin said he had first met with Trofimoff at an Austrian resort in the middle of 1970s and came to conclusion that he was a loyal and valuable agent. Kalugin said that Trofimoff had passed plenty of important information, including plans of CIA activities against the former Soviet Union and its allies in 1978-1981, to the Soviet secret services. Trofimoff led the American military centre for deserters and displaced persons in West Germany.

George Trofimoff was found guilty and sentenced to life in prison. Following Trofimoff’s conviction Russian FSB service charged Kalugin with high treason.

“I would not go to Moscow anyway,” Kalugin stated on Tuesday. When asked about possible consequences of his refusal to appear for FSB questioning, the general said: “Well, let them ask the State Department, the FBI, the Interpol, let them put me on the wanted list. I am ready for that”. Kalugin is well aware that Moscow will not give him a warm welcome, especially now, when the country is governed by a former FSB officer Vladimir Putin, who once called Kalugin “a traitor”. Kalugin then responded by calling the head of the state a war criminal.

Kalugin explained that he was not very much concerned with his personal safety, after all, he is in the United States, but said he was worried about his daughter and grandson, who still live in Moscow.

The fact of serving a summons to Oleg Kalugin was confirmed to ITAR-TASS by the head of the Russian consulate in Washington Sergei Ovsyannikov. He said that consulate officials got in touch with Oleg Kalugin last week, and he agreed to meet them, but only at the place indicated by himself. The meeting took place on March 25 in one of the office buildings in the state of Maryland, not far from the American capital. After Kalugin had been served the summons he didn't say anything about his intentions, except to inform the press immediately.

On Wednesday the Interfax agency reported that in the near future the FSB plans to summon one more former secret service officer, Alexander Litvinenko, for questioning in Moscow. Former FSB officer Litvinenko, currently living in Great Britain, is charged with abuse of office, forgery, theft and illegal possession of weapons. Litvinenko is known for spilling the beans on FSB’s alleged plot to assassinate influential businessman Boris Berezovsky. Litvinenko also was among those who took part in the news conference whereat Boris Berezovsky presented his documentary Attack on Russia , aiming to prove FSB’s involvement in 1999 bombings in Moscow and Volgodonsk as well as Putin’s awareness of these operations.

Some observers and supporters of both Kalugin and Litvinenko in Moscow are convinced that by its fresh moves the FSB will only help both to settle abroad forever. Kalugin, who has remained a Russian citizen and is a green card holder, may be eventually granted American citizenship. Litvinenko’s request for political asylum is quite likely to be satisfied.

27 МАРТА 15:25
 

2002-03-27 17:45    
 

RUSSIAN LAWYER ON CHARGES AGAINST KGB GENERAL KALUGIN

MOSCOW, March 27, 2002./from RIA Novosti's Maria Lokotetskaya/ -- Boris Kuznetsov, the former lawyer of KGB ex-general Oleg Kalugin, believes the Russian Federal Security Service (FSB) has grounds to charge his former client with divulgation of the state secret. Kuznetsov said this at a press-conference in Moscow on Wednesday.

According to the lawyer, the investigation may have no grounds to charge Kalugin with treason (Article 285 of the Criminal Code), unlike with divulgation of the state secret (Article 283). Kuznetsov noted that, according to the law on the state secret and manhunt activities, information on illegal agents is classified.

Kuznetsov recalled that Kalugin had testified against retired American colonel George Trofimoff who was found guilty in espionage for the Soviet Union. According to the lawyer, Kalugin had an option not to testify.

The day before, staffers of the Russian consulate in Washington handed in summons to Oleg Kalugin, former head of the KGB counter-intelligence living currently in the US. It reads that Kalugin should appear on Thursday morning in the Russian FSB Investigation Department for interrogation as the defendant.

Former Soviet Spy Won't Return to Russia
VOA News
27 Mar 2002 07:32 UTC
 

A former Soviet spy chief living in the United States says he refuses to return to Moscow for questioning under a summons from Russia's intelligence service.

General Oleg Kalugin told reporters Tuesday he had no intention of complying with the summons requesting him to answer charges of high treason. General Kalugin was head of the KGB's foreign intelligence division in the 1980s. He emigrated to the United States in 1995 and has published a series of books critical of the Soviet secret service.

General Kalugin testified at the spy trial of retired U.S. Army Reserve Colonel George Trofimoff, who was found guilty last year of spying for the former Soviet Union.

Trofimoff, the highest ranking American military officer convicted of spying, is serving a life prison sentence.

Russia Orders U.S.-Based Ex-Spymaster Home to Face Charges

By MAURA REYNOLDS and BOB DROGIN
LOS ANGELES TIMES STAFF WRITERS

March 27 2002

MOSCOW -- The Russian secret service has ordered a former Soviet KGB spymaster now living in Washington to return immediately to Moscow to face charges, reportedly for his role in helping U.S. authorities identify and convict a former Soviet spy in Florida.

A Russian Embassy consular official in Washington hand-delivered a subpoena Monday to Oleg Kalugin, who directed KGB foreign intelligence operations at the height of the Cold War. Kalugin is now a media commentator, author and consultant on espionage and counterintelligence.

Paul Joyal, Kalugin's business partner in Washington, said the former KGB major general intended to ignore the summons. "He does not plan to go," Joyal said. "It's ridiculous, utterly ridiculous."

The document demanded that Kalugin appear for questioning "as a defendant" at the Moscow office of the Federal Security Service, the domestic successor agency to the KGB, at 10 a.m. Thursday. Under Russian law, the subpoena said, "should you fail to appear without adequate explanation, your appearance may be compelled by force."

Russian news reports said Kalugin, a Russian who is seeking U.S. citizenship, faces charges of high treason.

According to NTV television, Kalugin was charged because of his role in the federal trial last June in Tampa, Fla., of George Trofimoff, a retired Army Reserve colonel who is the highest-ranking U.S. military officer charged with espionage.

Subpoenaed as a prosecution witness, Kalugin identified Trofimoff as a prized KGB agent who had provided top-secret U.S. documents to Moscow for 25 years. Kalugin's testimony helped convict Trofimoff, who is serving a life sentence.

Yevgeniy Khorishko, a Russian Embassy spokesman in Washington, said he could not confirm that the charges were based on the Trofimoff case.

"He is being accused, but we don't know of what," Khorishko said.

The Russian security service appears to have scant legal leverage to force Kalugin to return. Khorishko said Russia had not decided whether to seek extradition.

A Justice Department spokesman said that information on the case was still sketchy and that she could not comment. Kalugin was out of town Tuesday and could not be reached.

Kalugin, now 67, served for 12 years as a Soviet spy in Washington before returning home to run the KGB's foreign intelligence program. He was forced out of the spy service in 1990 for criticizing it publicly. Mikhail S. Gorbachev, the last Soviet president, restored Kalugin's rank and honors in 1991.

Kalugin did not stay long in Russia, but unlike many former intelligence officials now in the West, he did not defect. Instead, he took advantage of the collapse of the Soviet Union to move to Washington in 1995, write his memoirs and earn a prosperous living off his former profession.

In recent years, he has taught and consulted on counterintelligence for U.S. intelligence agencies, national nuclear laboratories and private companies. As a sideline, he has helped lead bus tours of espionage sites used since the 1950s by well-known spies in Washington.

Kalugin is known to be widely disliked within the Federal Security Service, known as the FSB. In 2000, acting Russian President Vladimir V. Putin--himself a former KGB officer--denounced Kalugin as a "traitor." In response, Kalugin wrote Putin a letter insisting that he had not been convicted of any crime and should be presumed innocent. Afterward, Kalugin applied for political asylum in the United States, according to NTV.

Kalugin made headlines in the early 1990s with assertions that KGB officers had interviewed American POWs in Vietnam after 1973, when Hanoi was insisting that none remained in the country. In 1993, British police detained Kalugin in London for questioning about his role in the 1978 poisoned umbrella assassination of a BBC correspondent. He was released after less than 24 hours.

Konstantin G. Preobrazhensky, a former KGB lieutenant colonel who left the service in 1991, said the FSB's attempt to press treason charges against Kalugin appeared to be a form of retribution for Kalugin's revelations over the years.

"It is an open secret that Kalugin was one of the people who helped bring about the collapse of the KGB system and is widely considered a traitor by many KGB officers, both retired and in active service," Preobrazhensky said.

Boris Kuznetsov, a Moscow lawyer with expertise in extradition cases who is also an acquaintance of Kalugin, said that even though Kalugin is not a U.S. citizen, the FSB is unlikely to win his extradition.

"In fact, the subpoena from Moscow, worded in such a strong language, will do Kalugin more good than harm," Kuznetsov said. "The subpoena will provide sufficient grounds for granting Kalugin political asylum. In fact, Kalugin will look like a victim--he can easily prove that he is persecuted in Russia and is persecuted by the organization that he used to criticize, the KGB."

Reynolds reported from Moscow and Drogin from Washington. Alexei V. Kuznetsov of The Times' Moscow Bureau contributed to this report.

01:38; Thursday 28th March, 2002

KGB denounces ex-agent Kalugin

MOSCOW - Russia's state security chief Nikolai Patrushev led the country's espionage community in angrily denouncing former KGB spy Oleg Kalugin on Wednesday, saying he had caused "colossal damage".

Kalugin, a retired KGB general living in the United States, said on Tuesday he would not comply with a summons ordering him to Moscow for interrogation by the Federal Security Service (FSB), successor to the KGB.

FSB director Patrushev, told Itar-Tass news agency criminal proceedings would continue against Kalugin all the same.

"Inasmuch as he violated state secrecy he caused colossal damage to our country," Patrushev said.

Kalugin, once the chief of Soviet espionage in the United States, was involved in a public slanging match with President Vladimir Putin - himself a former KGB intelligence agent - just before the latter was elected head of state in March 2000.

Putin labelled Kalugin a traitor after he had branded Putin's Russia criminalised and corrupt.

Tass said Kalugin was wanted on a treason charge arising from the spy case of retired U.S. Army Reserve Colonel George Trofimoff.

Trofimoff, the highest-ranking American military officer convicted of spying, was sentenced to life in prison last September for selling military secrets to the Soviet Union during the Cold War.

Kalugin, who had been Trofimoff's supervisor, denied on Tuesday he was the one who unmasked Trofimoff as a Soviet spy to U.S. and British intelligence services.

Tass quoted Boris Labusov, a spokesman for Russia's External Intelligence Service, as saying: "He doesn't need to make himself out to be a victim of political repression. If he considers himself innocent, then he should come and prove it."

Another former foreign intelligence agent, Yuri Kobaladze, was quoted by Tass as saying Kalugin presented the "pure water of treason".

"His activity is damaging the activity of external intelligence. It is difficult to say how things will develop. But it is clear that Kalugin will not come willingly to Moscow and they (the United States) will not hand him over," he said. /Reuters/

listen Russian Spy
NPR's Michele Kelemen reports from Washington that Russian authorities have issued a summons to Oleg Kalugin, a former Soviet spy who left Russia for the United States more than a decade ago. Although the U.S. embassy in Washington won't say exactly what the summons is about, officials in Moscow suggest Kalugin is wanted on treason charges. Kalugin, who lives in the Washington area, suspects the summons is retaliation for an interview he gave for a recent documentary about possible KGB involvement in a series of terrorist bombings in Russia. (3:30)....(NPR All Things Considered, 28 Mar 02)

FSB Tells Ex-Spy Kalugin to Fly Home

Moscow Times

Combined Reports

The Federal Security Service has ordered a former KGB spymaster now living in Washington to return immediately to Moscow to face charges, reportedly for his role in helping U.S. authorities identify and convict a former Soviet spy in Florida.

A Russian Embassy consular official in Washington hand-delivered a subpoena Monday to Oleg Kalugin, who directed KGB foreign intelligence operations at the height of the Cold War. Kalugin is now a media commentator, author and consultant on espionage and counterintelligence.

The document demanded that Kalugin appear for questioning "as a defendant" at the Moscow office of the Federal Security Service, or FSB, at 10 a.m. Thursday. Under Russian law, the subpoena said, "should you fail to appear without adequate explanation, your appearance may be compelled by force."

"I have an official summons from Moscow that was delivered by the consular official of the Russian Embassy that says that I am required to come to Moscow on March 28 for interrogation as a defendant, but no reason given," Kalugin said in a telephone interview.

"I will apply for U.S. protection, if necessary, but for the time being I see no reason because it's not a court action," he said. "It's an action of the domestic service, which has no right to intervene."

Yevgeny Khorishko, a Russian Embassy spokesman in Washington, said he was not familiar with the charges.

"He is being accused, but we don't know of what," Khorishko said.

Russian news reports said Kalugin, a Russian citizen who is seeking U.S. citizenship, faces charges of high treason.

According to NTV television, Kalugin was charged because of his role in the federal trial last June in Tampa, Florida, of George Trofimoff, a retired U.S. Army Reserve colonel who is the highest-ranking U.S. military officer ever charged with espionage.

Subpoenaed as a prosecution witness, Kalugin identified Trofimoff as a prized KGB agent who had provided top-secret U.S. documents to Moscow for 25 years. Kalugin's testimony helped convict Trofimoff, who is serving a life sentence.

Kalugin said he was not the one who uncovered Trofimoff as a Soviet spy.

"When I was subpoenaed to come to Tampa to testify, the whole matter was already finished, I simply was used as a last witness," Kalugin said.

"I simply confirmed what had been known already for years. I confirmed that I was his supervisor," Kalugin said, referring to his previous KGB relationship to Trofimoff.

The real reason for the summons, Kalugin said, was revenge by former KGB officers trying to undermine him for his vocal criticism of the intelligence service.

Kalugin, now 67, served for 12 years as a Soviet spy in Washington before returning home to run the KGB's foreign intelligence program. He was forced out of the spy service in 1990 for criticizing it publicly. Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev restored Kalugin's rank and honors in 1991.

Kalugin did not stay long in Russia, but unlike many former intelligence officials now in the West, he did not defect. Instead, he took advantage of the collapse of the Soviet Union to move to Washington in 1995, write his memoirs and earn a prosperous living off his former profession.

President Vladimir Putin, himself a former KGB agent, shortly after his election publicly called Kalugin a traitor, and Kalugin responded by calling Putin a war criminal, Kalugin said. "After that exchange ... it's simply unwise to go to Moscow under any circumstances," Kalugin said with a dark laugh.

However, he said he was concerned for the welfare of his daughter and grandson who still live in Moscow.

"It shows an increasing influence of the old KGB guard on Mr. Putin and his security services," Kalugin said. "It's an act of revenge and nothing else."

The FSB appears to have scant legal leverage to force Kalugin to return to Moscow. Khorishko of the Russian Embassy said Moscow had not decided whether to seek Kalugin's extradition.

"It's unclear what happens next," he said.

Boris Kuznetsov, a Moscow lawyer with expertise in extradition cases who is also an acquaintance of Kalugin, said that even though Kalugin is not a U.S. citizen, the FSB is unlikely to win his extradition.

FSB chief Nikolai Patrushev said Wednesday that criminal proceedings would continue against Kalugin all the same, Itar-Tass reported.

"Inasmuch as he violated state secrecy, he caused colossal damage to our country," Patrushev said.

Itar-Tass quoted Boris Labusov, a spokesman for the Foreign Intelligence Service, as saying: "He doesn't need to make himself out to be a victim of political repression. If he considers himself innocent, then he should come and prove it."

Another former foreign intelligence agent, Yury Kobaladze, was quoted as saying Kalugin presented the "pure water of treason."

"His activity is damaging the activity of foreign intelligence. It is difficult to say how things will develop. But it is clear that Kalugin will not come willingly to Moscow and they [the United States] will not hand him over," he said.

A Justice Department spokesman said that information on the case was still sketchy and that she could not comment.

Two ex-spies to be tried in absentia

28 March 02

MOSCOW - Two former intelligence officers who fled to the West will likely be tried in absentia if they do not return to Russia, the Interfax news agency reported Thursday, citing Supreme Court sources.

The report came on the same day that one of the former officers, Oleg Kalugin, had been ordered to appear for questioning by the FSB, the main successor to the Soviet KGB.

Kalugin, who did not appear, faces charges of high treason, the FSB's press service said.

Interfax cited court sources as saying that trials in absentia of Kalugin and of Alexander Litvinenko, who faces an array of charges, would likely begin before July, when a new criminal code is to take effect which does not provide for such trials.

Kalugin ran the KGB's counterintelligence department from 1973 to 1980 and now lives in the United States. The FSB declined to comment on the substance of the case against him, but Russian news agencies, quoting intelligence officials, have said it is based on Kalugin's testimony against retired U.S. Army Reserve Col. George Trofimoff, who was convicted last year of spying for the Soviet Union.

The ITAR-Tass news agency also reported that Russian officials want to question Kalugin about information that he might have revealed in order to receive permission to permanently reside in the United States.

Litvinenko, a former FSB officer who fled to Britain in 2000 and recently was granted asylum there, faces charges including abuse of office and forgery, according to Interfax.

Litvinenko fell out with his former colleagues at the FSB in 1998 after accusing them of ordering kidnappings, extortion and contract murders, including a plot to kill business tycoon Boris Berezovsky.

Litvinenko recently co-authored a book that draws attention to a series of 1999 apartment house bombings in Russia, which Berezovsky has repeatedly blamed on the Russian security services.

The Russian government blamed the bombings on Chechen rebels, and cited the explosions as one of the main reasons for launching the second Chechen war in 1999.

Kalugin, who has lived in the U.S. since the mid-1990s, has openly criticized his former KGB colleagues, while at the same time parlaying his notoriety into a source of income.

He has worked as a consultant for U.S. companies, created a high-tech, interactive spy game with the late William Colby, former head of the CIA, and even given espionage tours around Washington with a former American spy.

Калугина и Литвиненко осудят заочно в сжатые сроки

NTV, 28 Mar 02

Находящиеся за границей генерал КГБ Олег Калугин и подполковник ФСБ Александр Литвиненко, скорее всего, будут осуждены российским судом заочно к середине нынешнего года, передает "Интерфакс".

Как сообщили в четверг источники в Верховном суде России, действующее уголовно-процессуальное законодательство позволяет в отсутствие обвиняемых выносить приговоры.

По словам источников, процедура по привлечению к уголовной ответственности отставных сотрудников российской спецслужбы должна быть завершена до 1 июля - до вступления в силу нового УПК России, в котором не предусмотрено вынесение заочного приговора.

Пока же следственные органы намерены утвердить обвинительные заключения в отношении Калугина и Литвиненко, которые обвиняются, соответственно, в измене Родине и превышении должностных полномочий, а затем передать их дела в суд.

В 10:00 по московскому времени 28 марта Калугин должен был явиться к следователю ФСБ, однако, поскольку он отказался от этого, ему будет вынесено заочное обвинение. Аналогичная процедура ждет и Литвиненко, отметили источники в военной прокуратуре, которая будет заниматься делами двух офицеров.

Ранее в практике советского и российского правосудия уже были прецеденты заочного осуждения офицеров спецслужб - изменников. В частности, заочный смертный приговор вынесен бывшему резиденту КГБ полковнику Олегу Гордиевскому, бежавшему в Лондон.

По неофициальным данным, в отношении Калугина в марте прошлого года ГВП возбудила уголовное дело по статье 283 (разглашение гостайны) и 275 УК РФ (государственная измена), передав его для расследования в ФСБ. Он выпустил за границей несколько книг, которые могли помочь американцам, как считают российские спецслужбы, раскрыть нескольких наших агентов.

Сотрудники российского консульства в Вашингтоне сообщили, что следственная повестка была вручена Калугину в понедельник.

В повестке говорится, что Калугину "надлежит явиться 28 марта 2002 года к 10:00 в следственное управление ФСБ России в Москве". В повестке указывается, что бывшего генерала будут допрашивать в качестве обвиняемого.

Сам Калугин считает эти обвинения абсурдными. "Все знают, что архив КГБ с тысячами дел увез в Англию Василий Митрохин. Если открыть его книги, там есть все. Я, увы, здесь только комментатор, не больше", - отметил он в эфире радиостанции "Эхо Москвы".

Калугин сообщил, что во врученной ему повестке не указывается причина вызова на допрос, но говорится, что вызывают в качестве обвиняемого. По его словам, он воспринимает повестку ФСБ "как фарс, не больше". "Я отдаю эту повестку в музей международного шпионажа как очередной экспонат. Пусть все посмотрят, как ФСБ сегодня реанимируется и вновь воспроизводит худшие черты советского КГБ", - добавил Калугин.

Он не намерен возвращаться в Россию. "Два года назад я написал письмо Путину, после того как он меня публично обозвал предателем. В этом открытом письме я напомнил президенту о презумпции невиновности. В письме также говорилось, что в сложившейся ситуации я не считаю возможным вернуться в путинскую Россию. Это было два года назад, и ничего не изменилось с тех пор", - подчеркнул Калугин.

Говоря о возможных последствиях неявки в ФСБ, бывший генерал ответил: "Пусть обращаются в Госдепартамент, в ФБР, в Интерпол, пусть объявляют в розыск, я готов".

Олег Калугин, 1934 года рождения, занимавший в прошлом ряд ответственных постов в КГБ СССР, периодически, начиная с 1990 года, выступал с "разоблачениями" деятельности советских спецслужб.

Против Калугина было возбуждено уголовное дело по обвинению в разглашении государственных секретов. После августовских событий 1991 года в России дело было прекращено. В настоящее время бывший генерал КГБ проживает в США, занимается политическим и PR-консультированием.

Бывший сотрудник управления ФСБ по разработке и пресечению деятельности преступных объединений Литвиненко несколько раз представал перед судом, однако дважды был оправдан.

20 апреля 2000 года Главная военная прокуратура завершила предварительное расследование очередного уголовного дела в отношении Литвиненко. После этого в суд Ярославского гарнизона было передано еще одно уголовное дело. На этот раз военная прокуратура обвинила его не только в превышении должностных полномочий, но и в должностном подлоге, а также хищении и незаконном хранении боеприпасов.

2 ноября 2000 года Литвиненко попросил политического убежища у властей Великобритании. Офицер ФСБ прибыл вместе с женой и ребенком из Турции в Лондон, где в аэропорту Heathrow сделал заявление с просьбой о предоставлении убежища. По его словам, его вынудило к подобному шагу "непрекращающееся преследование со стороны спецслужб России". Литвиненко подчеркнул, что угрозы были направлены не только в его адрес, "но и в адрес его жены и ребенка".

15 мая 2001 года со ссылкой на письмо самого Литвиненко появились сообщения о том, что власти Великобритании предоставили ему политическое убежище. Вместе с тем официального подтверждения этой информации пока не поступало.

Подполковник ФСБ приобрел широкую известность после того, как публично заявил, что руководство управления поручило ему и нескольким сотрудникам "убить Бориса Березовского". Главная военная прокуратура, расследовавшая в связи с этим уголовное дело, прекратила его в декабре 1999 года за отсутствием состава преступления.

ЭКС-ЧЕКИСТОВ ЗАОЧНО НЕ ОСУДЯТ

В четверг стало известно, что Федеральная служба безопасности России всерьез рассматривает возможность передачи в суд уголовных дел в отношении скрывающихся за границей генерала КГБ Олега Калугина и подполковника ФСБ Александра Литвиненко, даже если они не появятся на родине. Однако современное российское законодательство не позволяет выносить обвиняемым заочные приговоры, как это практиковалось в советское время.

В четверг утром генерала КГБ Олега Калугина ждали для допроса в следственном управлении ФСБ России, где он в качестве обвиняемого должен был дать первые показания. Калугина, который в настоящее время живет в Соединенных Штатах, обвиняют в разглашении государственной тайны. Генерал в Москве не появился, а врученная ему несколько дней назад повестка отправится, по его словам, в американский музей шпионажа. Из-за неявки Калугина следователи ФСБ будут вынуждены утвердить обвинительное заключение заочно. Такое же развитие событий ожидает уголовное дело, возбужденное в отношении подполковника ФСБ Александра Литвиненко, обвиняемого в хищении боеприпасов и превышении должностных полномочий. Сейчас Литвиненко скрывается от российского правосудия в Великобритании и тоже не намерен возвращаться на родину.

Однако, даже если уголовные дела будут переданы в суд, вынести заочные приговоры, на чем настаивает ФСБ, Калугину и Литвиненко судьи не смогут.

- Это абсолютно исключено, потому что каждый подсудимый в соответствии с нашими законами имеет право на защиту, - объяснил "Известиям" адвокат Борис Кузнецов, защищавший в свое время генерала Калугина. По словам Кузнецова, и ныне действующий Уголовно-процессуальный кодекс, и тот, который вступит в силу с 1 июля этого года, не позволяют рассматривать в суде уголовные дела без присутствия обвиняемого и его адвокатов. Изменить закон даже под давлением ФСБ, по словам юриста, невозможно, поскольку практика вынесения заочных приговоров противоречит международному законодательству.

Однако в недавнем прошлом в нашей стране был вынесен такой приговор. 14 ноября 1985 года Военная коллегия Верховного суда СССР заочно приговорила к смертной казни за измену Родине в форме шпионажа полковника КГБ Олега Гордиевского, который, почувствовав близость провала, бежал в Англию. Больше подобных приговоров в новейшей истории не было.

Что касается бывшего советского офицера Виктора Резуна, который после бегства за границу опубликовал ряд романов под псевдонимом Виктор Суворов, то все его заявления, что он приговорен Военной коллегией Верховного суда СССР к смертной казни, - выдумка. "Известия" выяснили, что этого человека на родине никогда не судили и дело в отношении его даже не поступало в суд.

Мировой опыт заочных приговоров

В марте 2001 года парижский суд приговорил нацистского преступника и "отца сирийских спецслужб" Алоиса Брюннера к пожизненному заключению - заочно. До этого французский суд заочно приговаривал Брюннера к высшей мере наказания - смертной казни в 1954 году, однако в 1981 году смертная казнь во Франции была отменена. Брюннер был секретарем и доверенным лицом Карла Эйхмана, возглавлявшего подотдел "по делам евреев" в имперском управлении безопасности, и лично отвечал за депортацию в годы войны 140 тысяч евреев из оккупированных нацистами европейских стран. В 1954 году Брюннер бежал из ФРГ в Сирию, где участвовал в создании сирийских спецслужб.

В декабре 2001 года иорданский военный суд заочно приговорил палестинского террориста Абу Нидаля к смерти по обвинению в убийстве иорданского дипломата.

В декабре 2001 года Верховный суд Конго признал виновным и заочно приговорил к 30 годам каторжных работ бывшего президента страны Паскаля Лиссубу. Вместе с ним были заочно осуждены два бывших премьер-министра, а также бывший министр нефти и бывший министр финансов.

В 1993 году американский суд заочно приговорил к пожизненному заключению активиста антивоенного движения Айру Эйхорна за убийство его подруги Хеллен Мэддакс, совершенное в 1977 году. Эйхорн покинул США в 1981 году и поселился во Франции, где был арестован в 1997 году.

Террорист Ильич Рамирес Санчес, по прозвищу Карлос Шакал, был заочно приговорен французским судом за многочисленные преступления к пожизненному заключению. Карлос участвовал в захвате израильских спортсменов во время Олимпиады 1972 года в Мюнхене, в нападении на участников сессии ОПЕК в 1975 году в Вене, в захвате в 1976 году палестинцами французского самолета, следовавшего по маршруту Тель-Авив-Париж. Арестовать Шакала удалось лишь в 1994 году, в 1997 году его судили и приговорили к пожизненному заключению за убийство в 1975 году двух секретных агентов .

В сентябре 2001 года Верховный суд Казахстана заочно приговорил находящегося за границей Акежана Кажегельдина к 10 годам тюремного заключения с конфискацией имущества по обвинению в использовании служебного положения в личных целях, уклонении от налогов и незаконном владении оружием.
 

ОЛЕГ КАЛУГИН: "ПОВЕСТКУ ПОСПЕЛОВА Я ПЕРЕДАМ В МУЗЕЙ ШПИОНАЖА

В среду поздно вечером бывший генерал КГБ Олег Калугин вернулся из Нью-Йорка в свой дом в штате Мэриленд, под Вашингтоном. В Нью-Йорке он принимал участие в подготовке к открытию Музея международного шпионажа. А накануне, как уже сообщали "Известия", представители консульского отдела посольства России вручили ему повестку, в которой ему предписано явиться в Следственное управление ФСБ в Москве в качестве обвиняемого. Корреспондент "Известий" в США Евгений Бай дозвонился до Олега Калугина и попросил его прокомментировать эту новость.

- В 1990 году прокуратура СССР уже заводила на меня уголовное дело по обвинению в разглашении государственной тайны, и товарищ Горбачев, не дожидаясь решения суда, лишил меня всех званий, наград, пенсий и всего прочего. А в августе 1991 года он сам пострадал от бывшего КГБ и, вернувшись из Крыма, полностью меня реабилитировал. И я до сих пор получаю генеральскую пенсию. Конечно, в Америке эти 150 долларов в месяц никому не нужны, а для России это солидная сумма. Но вернемся к теме. В сентябре 91-го меня пригласили в военную прокуратуру, ознакомили с досье и сказали буквально следующее: "Собственно, дела как такового и нет. Это нас КГБ заставил все сделать". После этого меня пригласил Трубин, последний генпрокурор СССР, и подтвердил, что Крючков давил на него, чтобы меня лишили депутатской неприкосновенности и посадили в тюрьму. Нынешние действия против меня - это повторение старой политики.

- В чем вас теперь обвиняют?

- Не имею ни малейшего понятия. В повестке сказано, что я, гражданин такой-то, проживающий на Большой Филевской улице (кстати, я там давно не проживаю, у меня нет в Москве ни кола, ни двора), должен явиться в 10 часов утра 28 марта к следователю Поспелову в качестве обвиняемого. А в чем суть моего преступления, не говорится. Видите, вызывает не Генпрокуратура, не межмуниципальный суд - это российская домашняя разведка шлет мне повестку в Америку и угрожает в случае неявки "приводом". Интересно, как они это будут делать, ведь я же живу в США как постоянный резидент.

- Ваше объяснение: почему эта повестка прислана именно сейчас?

- Причины могут быть самые разные. В известном фильме Бориса Березовского по поводу взрывов в Москве и Волгодонске есть фрагмент моего интервью, данного НТВ года два назад, где я высказываюсь по этому делу. Я тогда сказал: "Было бы чудовищно представить, что мои коллеги могли совершить такое преступление". С другой стороны, я, зная "приватизацию" органов безопасности России, добавил, что не исключаю никаких вариантов. Такая вот невинная фраза могла стать причиной моего вызова в ФСБ. Но это только версия.

- Говорят также, что причина в том, что вы выдали российского шпиона Джорджа Трофимоффа. А еще говорят, что инициированное против вас дело связано с оставшимся в США сотрудником ООН Сергеем Третьяковым и пропавшим в Канаде дипломатом Евгением Топоровым, которых вы публично назвали российскими разведчиками…

- То, что Третьяков и Топоров являются сотрудниками российской разведки, я вычитал в газетах. И прокомментировал следующим образом: "Если они перебежали, то значит, они уже не российские разведчики, а перебежчики". При чем тут уголовное дело? Трофимоффа же "сдал" не я. Это сделал еще в 1992 году Митрохин, известный архивист КГБ. А потом, как известно, американцы подставили ему своего человека, который выдавал себя за российского разведчика. И этот дурошлеп, Трофимофф, хотя и имел пенсию в 70 тысяч долларов, решил подзаработать еще. На этом-то его и изловили. Я, конечно, знал Трофимоффа. Мне позвонили из Министерства юстиции США, предложили явиться. Когда я пришел к ним, меня спросили: тот старший офицер американской разведки, служивший в Германии, о котором вы пишете в своей книге, не Трофимофф ли он? Я сказал: "Да, конечно". - "Ну так вот, мы хотим, чтобы вы поехали на процесс в Майами и там выступили бы с показаниями". - "Но я не хочу этого, ведь он сам во всем признался", - сказал я им и добавил, что моя репутация в глазах моей семьи, моих друзей может пострадать. Прокурорша тогда мне сказала, что мои сантименты ее совершенно не волнуют. Через неделю мне прислали повестку в суд, в которой говорилось, что если я не явлюсь, меня депортируют из США. Деваться мне некуда было, поскольку к тому времени новый российский президент Владимир Путин уже назвал меня "предателем". А в путинскую Россию я не ездок.

- Как я понимаю, в Москву, в отличие от Майами, вы по повестке не явитесь?

- А что мне там делать? Здесь меня хорошо принимают, здесь ко мне относятся с уважением. А на родине ничего, кроме издевательств, я не ожидаю.

- А если американские власти будут добиваться вашей выдачи в руки российского правосудия через Интерпол?

- Если вся причина в Трофимоффе, то это будет абсолютной нелепостью. Как же американцы могут выдать меня, если я им подтвердил вину этого человека? А эту забавную повестку с жирной красной печатью, присланную мне майором юстиции Поспеловым, я передам в Музей международного шпионажа, который вскоре откроется в Нью-Йорке. Так, шутки ради...

В среду директор ФСБ Николай Патрушев заявил ИТАР-ТАСС, что "мы и не предполагали, что Калугин вернется в Россию".

- Сейчас уже многие понимают, что он совершил тяжкое преступление и соответственно должен быть подвергнут уголовному преследованию, - подчеркнул руководитель ФСБ.

Патрушев также отметил, что Калугин, разгласив государственную тайну, нанес России колоссальный урон. В первую очередь это касается деятельности Службы внешней разведки.

В среду же стало известно, что повестку с требованием явиться на допрос к следователю должен получить скрывающийся в Великобритании бывший сотрудник ФСБ подполковник Александр Литвиненко. Главная военная прокуратура вызывает его в качестве обвиняемого в превышении должностных полномочий, совершении должностного подлога и хищении боеприпасов. Литвиненко стал известен, когда в 1997 году публично заявил о том, что руководители управления ФСБ по разработке и пресечению деятельности преступных объединений, где он работал, приказывали ему убить Бориса Березовского. После этого офицера брали под стражу по обвинению в совершении ряда преступлений. 1 ноября 2000 года Литвиненко вместе с семьей бежал в Англию, где попросил политического убежища

Russia Charges U.S.-Based Ex-KGB Spy with Treason

April 30, 2002 MOSCOW (Reuters) - Russian military prosecutors said Tuesday they had filed treason charges against Oleg Kalugin, an ex-KGB general now living in the United States who exchanged jibes with Russian President Vladimir Putin.

Chief military prosecutor Mikhail Kislitsyn told Interfax news agency he had signed the case papers Monday and sent them to a Moscow court.

Kalugin was charged under article 275 of the criminal code with passing state secrets, Kislitsyn said without elaborating.

A one-time spymaster for the Soviet Union in the United States, Kalugin traded insults with Putin shortly before the latter won the Russian presidency in March 2000.

Putin, himself a former KGB intelligence officer, branded Kalugin a traitor for saying Russia was awash in crime and corruption. Kalugin called Putin a war criminal in an apparent reference to Russia's crackdown in breakaway Chechnya.

Russian news agencies say the Kalugin case centers on the trial of retired U.S. Army Reserve Colonel George Trofimoff, the highest-ranking U.S. military officer convicted of spying.

He was jailed for life last September for selling military secrets to the Soviet Union during the Cold War. Kalugin, who had been Trofimoff's supervisor, denied he had blown Trofimoff's cover to British and U.S. intelligence.

In March, Kalugin ignored a summons to face interrogation in Moscow by the Federal Security Service, the main successor to the KGB. He says the charges against him have been sparked by his criticism of the former intelligence service.

Consideration of General Kalugin's case postponed

Moscow, Russia, May 27, 2002 (RosBusinessConsulting via COMTEX) -- The Moscow City Court postponed the hearing of the criminal case of the former KGB general Kalugin, who is charged with state treason, until June 4, 2002. According to the defendant's lawyer Yevgeny baru, the hearing have been postponed due to the necessity to look closer into the case. He was quoted as saying that the lawyer was provided for Kalugin at the Moscow City Court's request. He pointed out that the court session would be held behind closed doors. As it was reported earlier, Oleg Kalugin, a KGB general, is charged with state treason (disclosure of a state secret, article 275 of the Criminal Code of Russia) by the Russian State Prosecutor's Office. Kalugin is currently living in Maryland in the US. In June 2001 he witnessed against George Trofimoff, "a Russian agent", in the United States. It was the last resort, since Trofimoff did not admit anything. Kalugin claimed during the court session that he knew that man. Based on Kalugin's affidavit, Trofimoff was found guilty of espionage for the USSR and sentenced to life imprisonment. Living abroad, Kalugin also wrote a number of books, which, according to Russian intelligence, could have provided help for Americans in their discovering KGB agents. Kalugin's case will be heard behind closed doors without his presence. Such is the opportunity stipulated by the old Russian Criminal Code that still remains valid until July 1, 2002.

In Treason Trial, Echoes of Soviet Past

By STEVEN LEE MYERS, New York Times

June 11, 2002

 MOSCOW, June 10 — In a closed chamber, inside a hulking concrete courthouse in northeast Moscow, President Vladimir V. Putin's Russia is settling a score from its Soviet past.

Oleg D. Kalugin, a former K.G.B. general now living in the United States, stands charged — in absentia — with treason, evidently accused of divulging state secrets in his autobiography and, perhaps more significant, in his public testimony at the trial of an American Army reservist who was convicted of espionage in Florida last year.

Mr. Kalugin, who retired from the K.B.G. in 1990, has rebuffed several subpoenas to testify since the investigation began in March, dismissing the case as a farce or worse. The lawyer appointed to represent him filed a petition today arguing that he cannot fairly defend a man he has neither met nor spoken to. Yet the prosecution races on, with a panel of three judges set to resume the case on Thursday.

A conviction would have little effect on Mr. Kalugin, besides cementing his plans never to return to his native country. But the prosecution of so prominent a figure in Soviet intelligence and so prominent a critic of the new Russian government is clearly sending a message here: Under Mr. Putin, himself a K.G.B. veteran, the intelligence services still wield considerable power.

"I see it only as political revenge," Mr. Kalugin said in a telephone interview from Silver Spring, Md., where he now lives and works as a consultant and instructor. "Don't forget the Soviet K.G.B. is running the country again. I mean, the younger generation of the K.G.B. And the old enemies, like myself, are targeted."

It is a measure of Russia's uneven evolution toward a more democratic state that the case against Mr. Kalugin is being prosecuted under a criminal code that will expire by July 1. The old criminal code, written in the Khrushchev era, is being replaced by one adopted by the Parliament last year that seeks to codify defendants' rights in the judicial system. Among other things, the new code prohibits trials in absentia.

If the court convicts Mr. Kalugin, said his lawyer, Yevgeny A. Baru, "It will be an attempt to jump into the last train car riding into the past."

Mr. Kalugin's case is only one of several prosecutions of espionage cases that have been vigorously pursued in the past two and a half years under Mr. Putin, who spent a career as an intelligence operative before ultimately directing the K.G.B.'s successor, the Federal Security Service, known here as the F.S.B.

Another former intelligence officer, Lt. Col. Aleksandr Litvinenko, who was granted political asylum in Britain last year, is being prosecuted in absentia in a military court south of Moscow, charged with abusing his office. There has also been a series of cases brought against scientists, environmentalists and journalists for their work with information that the authorities classified as top secret.

Lawyers' groups and human rights campaigners here have criticized the cases as thinly rationalized efforts by the F.S.B. to justify its continued existence.

"They are powerful, and I think they want to be more powerful," said Karinna A. Moskalenko, director of a legal aid organization in Moscow that has defended several of those charged in the cases.

According to his autobiography, Mr. Kalugin, now 67, first served as an undercover operative while a Fulbright Scholar at Columbia University in 1958 and then as a Radio Moscow correspondent at the United Nations. In the late 1960's he was stationed at the Soviet Embassy in Washington, before becoming the youngest general in the K.G.B.

From 1973 to 1980, he ran the K.G.B.'s counterintelligence department. His days as a foreign intelligence operative effectively ended after that, since he was demoted to a position as deputy chief for internal security in Leningrad.

After retiring, just as the Soviet Union was beginning to crumble, Mr. Kalugin became an outspoken critic of his agency. Since 1995 he has lived in the United States, where he teaches at the Center for Counterintelligence and Security Studies, a private consulting company in Arlington, Va., and serves as a consultant on Russian affairs for government agencies, he said.

The F.S.B. and other government authorities have repeatedly declined to detail the specific crimes that Mr. Kalugin is charged with committing. In March, however, when the formal investigation opened in the F.S.B.'s headquarters on Lubyanka Square, a spokesman for the Foreign Intelligence Service, Boris Labusov, said in a television interview, "I think he has sold everything he can."

Mr. Baru also declined to discuss the specific accusations his client faces, because, he said in an interview on Friday, "most of the case involves state secrets."

Mr. Kalugin said that, based on his curt discussions with the officials from the Russian Embassy in Washington who subpoenaed him, he has been accused of divulging secrets involving operations and agents in the United States. In particular, he said, investigators seemed concerned with his autobiography, "The First Chief Directorate: My 32 Years in Intelligence and Espionage Against the West" (St. Martin's Press, 1994) and with his testimony in the espionage trial of George Trofimoff, a retired United States Army Reserve colonel who was convicted of spying for the Soviet Union and then Russia.

In the trial, held in Tampa last summer, Mr. Kalugin testified that Mr. Trofimoff had been considered one of the K.G.B.'s top American agents in the 1970's. Mr. Kalugin denied in the interview that he had been responsible for uncloaking Mr. Trofimoff or any other Soviet-era agents. That information, he said, had already been disclosed to Western intelligence services after Vasily Mitrokhin, a K.G.B. archivist, defected to Britain in 1992.

One explanation for the F.S.B.'s prosecution of Mr. Kalugin and Mr. Litvinenko may be the service's frustration over the raft of defectors and other intelligence officers who have left since the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991. Vigorous prosecutions could be a way to demonstrate that there are still consequences for those who divulge the sources and methods of the Russian spy trade.

Mr. Kalugin has never met the Russian lawyer appointed as his counsel. The lawyer, Mr. Baru, said that before seeking to consult with Mr. Kalugin, he would try to persuade the court to suspend the case on the grounds that a trial in absentia is inherently unfair. The court agreed today to the prosecutor's request to adjourn the case until Thursday to review Mr. Baru's argument.

"The constitution is more progressive than the current criminal code," Mr. Baru said, referring to the constitution adopted by the new Russian government in 1993. "It was passed in a democratic state, while the criminal procedural code was passed in 1960 and reflects the demands of a different era."

Mr. Kalugin said he believed that the prosecution stemmed from his years of criticism of the K.G.B. and the F.S.B. Mr. Kalugin has, among other things, echoed those critics of Mr. Putin who have suggested that the F.S.B. may have been involved in the bombings of apartment buildings in 1999 that killed more than 300, acts the government blamed on Chechen extremists.

"It's just another move, one of the hundreds the government has taken to tighten the screws in the country," Mr. Kalugin said of his trial. "They are trying to restore the old Soviet ways, not in the worst sense, of course. They simply want to punish those who destroyed them."

And revenge, he added, "has no time limits."

Trial of ex-KGB officer goes ahead without him

Текст: Yelena Alexandrova, Gazeta.ru   14 June 2002 

The Moscow city court agreed with the public prosecutor and ruled that the case of the former KGB general Oleg Kalugin should be heard in his absence. He is currently living in the United States and has no intention whatsoever of showing up in court.

At the closed court session on Thursday the public prosecutor expressed his opinion concerning the provision of Article 14 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, which enshrines the right of any person facing criminal charges ''to be tried in his presence''. On the basis of that provision of the Covenant ratified by the Soviet Union, Kalugin’s defence attorney Yevgeniy Baru insisted that his client cannot be tried in absentia. The Russian prosecutors are eager to have Kalugin tried and convicted before July 1, while the Soviet-era Criminal Procedure Code, which allows for trials in absentia, is still effective.

The public prosecutor told the court on Thursday that Kalugin’s case has to be heard in the absence of the defendant, who deliberately evades justice; Kalugin has failed to show up for questioning at the Federal Security Service and ignored the court summons. Thus, the public prosecutor concluded, the case must be heard without him. The judge of the Moscow city court agreed with him and rejected Baru’s request, ruling that hearings should be continued.

Baru told Interfax that the court rejected his request saying the defendant was subject to the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic, which stipulates that defendants can be tried in absentia if they refuse to attend hearings or are on the run from justice.

Kalugin’s representative had already attempted to have the hearings postponed. At first, he asked the court to postpone examination of the case, demanding additional time to familiarize himself with the case file; then he cited the provisions of the International Covenant, forcing the prosecutor to ask for a break to let him ponder on his response. Observers do not rule out that the experienced lawyer has some more tricks up his sleeve to delay the proceedings. In the opinion of Baru’s colleagues, this will obviously be his main tactic.

After many years of brilliant service in the Soviet Union’s powerful state security service, the KGB, Oleg Kalugin was forced into retirement in 1990, whereupon he left Russia for good. For more than a decade now Kalugin has been living in the United States, yet, he still remains a Russian citizen.

Kalugin is known for his sharp criticism of the Russian secret services. In an interview granted to the US’ CNN in 1998 the former spy charged that if one compared Hitler’s Gestapo to the KGB, the KGB was far more ruthless. Last year he was a witness in the trial of George Trofimoff, accused by the US authorities of spying for the Soviet Union. In court the former Russian general confirmed he had known Trofimoff for several years during which Trofimoff had spied for Russia. 75-year-old George Trofimoff was found guilty and sentenced to life in prison. Following Trofimoff’s conviction the Russian FSB charged Kalugin with high treason.

The Chief Military Prosecutor’s office instigated criminal proceedings against Kalugin under Article 275 of the Criminal Code, whereby high treason is punishable with up to 20 years in prison. However, even if Kalugin is convicted, it is highly unlikely that the US will agree to extradite him. After all, he has done America a great favour…

Moscow court opens Kalugin’s trial

MOSCOW (AP, 13 June 2002)--A Moscow court opened the trial in absentia of Oleg Kalugin, an ex-KGB general now living in self-imposed exile in the United States, a court official said Thursday.

The trial, at a Moscow city court, is closed to the public. Court officials said all information concerning the case is classified and they refused to discuss any details.

Kalugin, who ran the KGB's counterintelligence department from 1973 to 1980, reportedly faces charges of high treason, based on his testimony at the espionage trial of retired U.S. Army Reserve Col. George Trofimoff, who was convicted of spying for the Soviet Union last year.

The ITAR-Tass news agency has reported that the charge also dealt with a book that Kalugin wrote, which allegedly helped U.S. security officials track down the former spy's sources.

Kalugin has described the Russian court proceedings as a farce and an act of revenge by his former spy colleagues. He refused to return to Russia for the trial and declined to speak to his court-appointed lawyer.

Kalugin, who has lived in the U.S. since the mid-1990s, has openly criticized his former KGB colleagues, while at the same time parlaying his notoriety into a source of income.

He has worked as a consultant for U.S. companies, created a high-tech, interactive spy game with the late William Colby, former head of the CIA, and even given espionage tours around Washington with a former American spy.

The Kalugin trial - and the trial of another high-profile ex-spy, Alexander Litvinenko - were launched before Russia's new Criminal Procedural Code takes effect in July, which does not allow for trials in absentia.

Litvinenko, who lives in Britain, is charged with abuse of authority and stealing explosives.

Former KGB general may be accused of high treason without attending court hearings

Thursday, June 13, 2002 7:31 AM EST

Moscow, Russia, Jun 13, 2002 (RosBusinessConsulting via COMTEX) -- The Moscow City Court decided to consider the case of Oleg Kalugin, former general of the KGB, who was accused of high treason, without the presence of the accused. Kalugin's attorney told journalists that the court had overruled the defense's claim, which stated that the trial was impossible without Kalugin's presence. The next court hearings are scheduled for June 17, 2002.

 

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